From Hagia Sophia to Petra, these iconic historical sites should not be missed.
Stonehenge is an ancient wonder whose exact purpose remains unknown, though nearby Avebury Henge can also be worth visiting. Jerusalem serves as a sacred site for Judaism, Christianity and Islam alike and houses both the Western Wall (Wailing Wall) and Temple Mount as religious spots worth visiting.
1. The Colosseum
The Colosseum is an icon that inspires wonder among visitors. Even in its reduced state, it offers visitors a glimpse into ancient Roman society with all of its brilliance, violence, and bloodshed.
The monument was constructed on a hill east of Rome’s Forum, the center of political and social life in Rome. Emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty started building in 70-72 CE; his son Titus officially inaugurated it ten years later with games that lasted 100 days.
At one time, Rome had 81 entrances/exits for gladiators and animals imported from as far away as North Africa to use as trap doors, along with underground tunnels, cells and 36 trap doors in order to contain them all safely within the structure. Two-thirds of its original structure has since been lost over time but its foundation remains in tact and today serves as one of the main tourist attractions, drawing millions of visitors each year.
2. Angkor Wat
Angkor Wat temple complex is one of the world’s most recognizable structures. Constructed by King Suryavarman II as a tribute to Vishnu, later Buddhist iconography was added.
This expansive temple comprises several different enclosures and galleries, each featuring elaborately carved bas-reliefs depicting Hindu stories. One such scene shows King Asoka reviewing his army while holding court, and multiple other scenes feature him prominently as well.
Antonio de Madalena was the first Westerner to visit Angkor in 1586 CE; however, French archaeologist Henri Mouhot “discovered” it ten years later in 1860 CE. Today, the temple is considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site and receives millions of visitors every year; indeed it even features on Cambodia’s flag!
3. Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza, Mexico’s legendary Mayan city, stands as an impressive reminder of once-thriving civilisation that thrived on Yucatan Peninsula – yet many mysteries surround this once mighty culture remain.
Chichen Itza’s most notable monument is the Pyramid of Kukulcan, more commonly referred to as El Castillo. Featuring 365 steps corresponding to days in the Mayan calendar, this stepped pyramid represents this incredible civilization’s mastery of astronomy; many structures in Chichen Itza were purpose-built so as to align with celestial bodies.
Temple of Warriors at this site features a large ball court with pyramid design – Mesoamerican ball game was an important ritual among Mayans; each match could last weeks!
4. The Leaning Tower of Pisa
As Italy was composed of multiple medieval city-states vying for power, Pisa decided to construct an exquisite cathedral and bell tower renowned for their lean. Both now belong to UNESCO World Heritage sites.
This tower was constructed upon soft soil which settled unevenly over time, causing its characteristic tilt of 3.9 degrees to arise from uneven settlement of its foundations. Since medieval times, visitors to Pisa have visited its Leaning Tower – now one of Europe’s most celebrated tourist spots!
Visitors to the Tower can climb 207 worn steps to its summit and appreciate its architecture. Be mindful that pickpockets may operate nearby – keep valuables close! Also be sure to purchase tickets in advance online as visits have limited entry points with timed entries.
5. The Terracotta Army
The Terracotta Army is one of the greatest archaeological finds of modern history. Discovered by farmers digging wells in 1974, this life-sized clay army was intended to accompany Emperor Qin Shi Huang into his afterlife.
Qin took his place atop the throne at just 13 and immediately set about conquering and unifying various warring states. Under his rule, scripts and coins were standardised, interconnecting states via canals and roads were built, as well as creating the first version of the Great Wall.
But the emperor wasn’t without worries; according to legend, he dreamed of his enemies coming back after him in death to exact their revenge on him and so the Terracotta Army was created as protection.
