Nepal is full of captivating historical landmarks ranging from ancient temples to UNESCO World Heritage Sites that showcase Nepalese cultural traditions and architectural amalgamations between Hinduism and Buddhism.
Bhaktapur Durbar Square is one of the best examples of medieval Newari architecture, having survived earthquakes comparatively unscathed. Featuring tiered temples and fort-like features, this square has stood the test of time remarkably intact.
1. Pashupatinath Temple
Pashupatinath Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is one of the holiest pilgrimage spots for Hindus. Situated along Bagmati River and with hundreds of Shiv Lingams adorning its complex, this spiritual hub draws tourists and pilgrims from across the globe while simultaneously serving as an emblematic representation of Nepalese national identity.
This impressive shrine was first established by Supuspadev, a Licchavi king from 400 A.D. It was originally made out of wood until reconstructed with metal golis and stone carvings during the 17th century.
In the main sanctum lies Pashupatinath’s Divine Lingam is crowned by a silver serpent representing five primary aspects of Hinduism – Sadyojata facing west, Vamdeva facing north, Tatpurusha eastwards, Aghor southwards and Ishana facing Zenith. Each evening at 6 to 7 PM devotees line up along Bagmati River bank for Sandhya Aarti ceremony which involves lighting oil lamps and singing Bhajans traditional Bhajans to celebrate Sandhya Aarti ritualistic worship ceremony which involves lighting oil lamps while singing traditional Bhajans to Hindu god.
2. Swayambhunath Stupa
Swayambhunath Stupa is one of Nepal’s premier Buddhist pilgrimage sites and revered by Hindus alike, serving as an integral center for both communities to gather at this complex of temples, golden Buddha statues and prayer wheels.
According to Swayambhunath Purana, Kathmandu Valley was once filled with an enormous lake from which emerged an illuminated lotus flower that shed divine light. Bodhisattva Manjushri traveled there and meditated, realizing it could become more accessible for pilgrims by cutting a gorge at Chovar. Thus creating what we now call Kathmandu valley.
Swayambhunath Stupa has long been seen as an emblem of harmony between Nepal’s various religious cultures, representing Nirvana with its unblemished pure gem and providing steps leading to its realization. Additionally, this landmark boasts many myths and legends which contribute to its spiritual atmosphere.
3. Gorkha Durbar
Gorkha district in Gandaki Province boasts an historic palace-turned-museum that exudes history, providing visitors with an insight into Nepal’s long history. Built during the 16th century as part of a Newari structure complex that encompasses fort, palace and temple elements all in one structure.
Considered one of the finest examples of Newari architecture, the Royal Complex stands as an incredible display of craftmanship. Boasting throne rooms, personal apartments and exquisitely painted columns complemented with elaborate wood struts and repousse medallions, faith structures honor clan deities while offering charming balconies that overlook Old Town.
Visitors to the complex may enter through a western gate and emerge in front of the exquisite Kalika Temple. From here, a path leads east past a large chautara (stone resting platform) to an exposed rocky bluff offering breathtaking views and featuring carved stone footprints of Sita, Rama and Gorakhnath attributed to them – although leather shoes and belts are strictly forbidden as this site holds religious significance.
4. Lumbini
Lumbini, birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama – otherwise known as Buddha – is one of the premier Buddhist pilgrimage sites and an official UNESCO World Heritage Site, serving to promote peace and harmony throughout the globe.
At the time of Emperor Ashoka’s visit in 249 BCE, when he constructed four stupas and an impressive sandstone pillar – his mother being from here – it was a bustling town. However, later it fell into decline due to Hinduism and Islam growing within India.
Only in 1895 CE did Alois Fuhrer rediscover this place and unearth several structures, including a temple depicting Buddha’s life and an Ashokan Pillar. Today it serves as home to various monasteries and stupas from around the globe as well as housing an ancient bathing pond – making it an international pilgrimage hub located within Rupandehi District in Nepal.
